Gemstone cutting refers to the process of shaping and polishing raw gemstones extracted from various sources like mines, igneous rocks, and dense forests. This process is necessary because these gemstones are typically large and contain impurities that need to be removed before they can be used. The skilled individuals who perform this task are known as "gemstone cutters." They use a method known as sanding, which involves grinding and polishing the gemstone using a machine called a lap. Gemstone cutters have various options to transform a gemstone into different shapes based on market demand. Let's take a closer look at the different types of gemstone cutting techniques commonly used:
1. Gemstone Tumbling Tumbling is one of the simplest and most cost-effective gemstone cutting techniques. In this process, a gemstone cutter places the rough gemstone in a barrel with abrasive materials. The barrel is then rotated until the stone achieves a polished appearance. This method is efficient and budgetfriendly.
2. Cabochon Gemstone Cutting Cabochon cutting, often referred to as "cabs," is a straightforward way to cut gemstones. A cabochon-cut gemstone typically has a flat bottom and a domed top. Stones like
turquoise and opal are commonly cut using this technique. Gemstones cut in cabochon style hold great resale value and are relatively easy to master.
3. Gemstone Faceting Faceting is an intriguing and intricate gemstone cutting technique. It involves creating precise facets on the surface of the gemstone to enhance its brilliance when exposed to light. Faceting is all about capturing and reflecting light from various angles. Surprisingly, even individuals with minimal experience in this field can learn to use faceting tools to transform rough gemstones. Some even take up faceting as a part-time job, as the initial cost of the necessary tools is around $2000, and it can be quite lucrative.
4. Gemstone CarvingCarving is a specialized form of gemstone cutting that requires a high level of expertise. This technique involves sculpting intricate designs and patterns into the gemstone's surface. Cameo carving, in particular, involves cutting into the top layer of a cabochon-cut gemstone, creating intaglio or reverse carvings. Carving gemstones demands both artistic talent and imagination, making it a skill possessed by only a select few experts.
These are the various techniques used to cut gemstones, each with its unique characteristics and level of complexity.
